Changes in expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in hippocampus during brain injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the changes in expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in hippocampus during brain injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods Seventv-two clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 280-350 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were divided into 2 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (S group,n=18) and ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group,n=54).Tracheal intubation was performed and artery and veins were punctured in group S.Ventricular fibrillation was induced by transoesophageal cardiac pacing to establish the model of cardiac arrest in group I/R.Rats were sacrificed at 12,24 and 48 h after resuscitation and the hippocampus was harvested for determination of CIRP,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β) protein and mRNA expression (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot) and for determination of pathological changes of hippocampi (with a light microscope).Results Compared with group S,the expression of CIRP mRNA in hippocampus was up-regulated at 24 and 48 h after resuscitation,the expression of TNF-α mRNA was up-regulated at 12,24 and 48 h after resuscitation,the expression of IL-1β mRNA was up-regulated at 12 and 24 h after resuscitation,and the expression of CIRP,TNF-α and IL-1β was up-regulated at 12,24 and 48 h after resuscitation in group I/R (P＜0.05).Pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were found in group I/R.Conclusion The expression of CIRP in hippocampus is up-regulated,which promotes central inflammatory responses during brain injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with the Frontal-Striatal-Cerebellar Loop in Children with ADHD: A Resting-State fMRI Study / 神经科学通报·英文版

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD4 4-repeat/4-repeat (4R/4R) allele (n = 30) or the DRD4 2-repeat (2R) allele (n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2R allele had decreased ReHo bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while ReHo was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4R/4R allele, those with the DRD4 2R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.

Imaging features of hepatic angiomyolipoma on CT and MRI / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To analyze the imaging features of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods The imaging fingdings of 18 tumors which were pathologically diagnosed as HAML after surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Before operation,twelve and ten patients underwent CT and MRI non-contrast and dynamic enhanced scans,respectively,and 4 patients received both examinations.The imaging characteristics including the number,diameter,location,appearance of the lesions,plain and dynamic enhancement mode were analyzed.Results Eighteen HAML lesions were found in 18 patients with a diameter ranging from 1.5 cm to 17.2 cm (mean 5.3 cm).Five lesions manifested fatty content,and one showed hemorrhage and necrosis.Five HAMLs enhanced in a fast-in and fast-out mode,eleven in a fast-in and slow-out mode and two other lesions in an irregularly discrete mode.The arterial supply was found in 11 HAMLs in the hepatic arterial phase,all coming from intrahepatic arteries.Intratumoral vessels were observed in 12 HAMLs.Early draining veins to the hepatic vein (n =3) and portal vein (n =1) were detected in 4 HAMLs.One lesion demonstrated delayed enhancement in the pseudocapsule.Conclusion The detection of arterial supply and intratumoral vessels in a hypervascular hepatic tumor on contrast CT and MRI in a patient with a non-cirrhotic liver and normal AFP helps to make a diagnosis of HAML.

Prediction of subacute infarct lesion volumes by processing apparent diffusion coefficient maps based on apparent diffusion coefficient cut-off values in patients with acute stroke / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of prediction of subacute infarct lesion volumes by processing ADC maps based on ADC cut-off values in patients with acute stroke.Methods MRI was performed in 20 patients with clinically diagnosed acute infarct less than 6 h after stroke onset.The MRI included a DWI and conventional MRI.The follow-up MR examinations of all the patients were carried out within 4-7 days after admission.The brain tissue, which showed abnormal high intensity both in DWI at the baseline and FLAIR at the reexamination , was regarded as the area of the initial ischemia core.Graphic-penumbra was regarded as the difference between initial DWI and follow-up FLAIR.The ADC values of the ischemia core, graphic-penumbra and the contralateral normal brain tissue , the relative ADC (rADC) were measured.The rADC value of the graphic-penumbra was defined as the ADC cut-off values.GE medical system based on ADC cut-off values was also tested in these patients to obtain ADC maps.The lesion volumes, the abnormal area seen on the DWI , ADC maps and follow-up FLAIR, were also measured.rADC values in different areas were analyzed by paired Student t test.Relationship between baseline DWI , ADC map and follow-up FLAIR was analyzed using Spearman rank-order correlation test , and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the volumes among three groups.Results Absolute ADC and rADC values gradually increased from the core to the periphery of the ischemic lesion.The absolute ADC values statistically differed from those on the contralateral side for both ischemia core and graphic-penumbra.The rADC values were significantly decreased in the ischemia core ( 0.620 ±0.116 ) compared with the graphic-penumbra values (0.809 ±0.097;t =8.083,P 0.05).Conclusions Data shows the high feasibility of prediction of subacute infarct lesion volumes by processing ADC maps based on ADC cut-off values in patients with acute stroke , without intravenous contrast material, and it provides a new method for outcome prediction.